Many people think the harder they brush and the stiffer the bristles, the cleaner the teeth. In fact this can harm the gums and the necks of the teeth without cleaning any better.
- Plaque is soft, so hard bristles or heavy pressure are not needed to clean teeth.
- Hard bristles and heavy brushing over time can wear the necks of teeth and cause gum recession.
- A soft brush with gentle strokes at about 45 degrees for around two minutes is usually advised.
- Replace the toothbrush about every three months, or sooner if the bristles splay.
Do hard bristles clean better?
Plaque on teeth is a soft layer and does not need much force to remove. Brushing with hard bristles or pressing the brush hard does not clean much better, but it can wear enamel at the neck of the tooth and cause the gum to recede. You may also read our articles on what cervical tooth wear is and whether receding gums can be treated.
How should you choose bristles?
- A soft or extra soft brush with a medium sized head and a comfortable handle is usually advised.
- People with sensitive gums, receding gums or sensitive teeth should especially use soft bristles.
- If you have fixed bridges or crowns, ask your dentist which brush suits you.
Pressure and technique
- Hold the brush like a pen and move it gently in small circles or with light vibration, not hard sideways scrubbing.
- Angle the brush about 45 degrees at the gum line and brush for about two minutes. See our article on brushing properly.
- If the bristles splay out after only a few weeks, you may be pressing too hard.
How often should you replace the brush?
A toothbrush is usually replaced about every three months, or sooner when the bristles splay, bend, or after you have been ill. An old brush does not clean well and collects bacteria easily.
Does an electric toothbrush help?
Many electric brushes have a pressure sensor that warns you when you press too hard. You can read our comparison of electric and manual toothbrushes. If you notice sensitivity or gum recession, have your dentist check your brushing technique.
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Frequently asked questions
Can a soft toothbrush clean properly?
Yes. Plaque is soft, so brushing correctly for about two minutes with soft bristles is enough to remove it.
Does brushing hard make gums recede?
It can. Heavy pressure and hard bristles over a long time are among the causes of gum recession and wear at the neck of the tooth.
How often should I change my toothbrush?
About every three months, or sooner if the bristles splay, bend or after an illness.